![]() ![]() These experimental programmes require large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments (e.g. In addition ATLAS, CMS and LHCb all contribute to the LHC heavy-ion programme. The ALICE experiment at the LHC and the CBM and PANDA experiments at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) are specifically designed to probe this aspect of nuclear and particle physics. In the study of the early universe immediately after the Big Bang, it is critical to understand the phase transition between the highly compressed quark–gluon plasma and the nuclear matter in the universe today. These flavour physics programmes are related to BSM searches through effective field theory, and powerful constraints on new physics keep coming from such studies. Current manifestations of such asymmetries do not explain why our universe is so matter dominated. Their primary goal is to look for BSM physics, either by studying CP violation (that is, asymmetries in the behaviour of particles and their corresponding antiparticles) or modifications in rate or angular distributions in rare heavy-flavour decays. The LHCb experiment at the LHC and the Belle II experiment at KEK study various aspects of heavy flavour physics (b- and c-quark, and tau-lepton physics), where quantum influences of very high mass particles manifest themselves in lower energy phenomena. Such BSM physics may help shed light on the nature of dark matter, which we know makes up the majority of gravitational matter in the universe, but which does not interact via the electromagnetic or strong nuclear forces. Should a BSM discovery be made, a full exploration of that physics will be pursued. The ATLAS and CMS collaborations will continue to make measurements in the Higgs sector, while searching for new physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will be a major upgrade of the current LHC supporting the aim of an in-depth investigation of the properties of the Higgs boson and its couplings to other particles (Fig. Study the quark–gluon plasma state of matter in heavy-ion collisions. Study the decays of b- and c-hadrons, and tau leptons, in the search for manifestations of BSM physics, and investigate matter–antimatter differences. Broadly speaking, the scientific goals are:Įxploit the discovery of the Higgs boson as a precision tool for investigating Standard Model (SM) and Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. The programme supports the strategic goals of the particle physics community that have been laid out by the European Strategy for Particle Physics and by the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) in the United States. Particle physics has an ambitious experimental programme for the coming decades.
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